Research at Applied Plant Research (PPO), part of Wageningen UR, has succeeded in preventing large-scale premature leaf drop in Golden Delicious trees. In the tests performed in Randwijk, the Netherlands, trees treated against the Alternaria fungus remained almost free from leaf lesions and premature leaf drop. This means a solution has probably been found for a problem that has resulted in significant economic losses for tree nurseries since the 1960s. With further research PPO aims to optimise the control of Alternaria to such an extent that only a minimal application of crop protection products is required.
Foto: Severely affected leaf of Golden Delicious apple tree just before premature leaf drop
| Premature leaf drop in the Golden Delicious apple variety is a global issue that received a great deal of attention in the Netherlands in the 1960s and 70s. It often (but not always) goes hand in hand with leaf lesions, which means that the leaves of seemingly healthy trees suddenly present brown necrotic blotches and yellowing of leaves.
The lesions and yellowing become visible between mid-July and mid-August, and are most common on older leaves. While the damage caused by leaf drop is manageable for apple growers , in tree nurseries the problem can cause a considerable loss of quality of the produced trees.
Previous research into leaf drop since 1960 failed to find a solution. Scientists also sought ways to tackle the issue over the decades without success. Research by the diagnostic centre of PPO in Lisse (NL) in 2009-2011 showed that the leaf lesions are caused by Alternaria. |
Untreated Golden Delicious apple trees suffering from premature leaf drop |
The new studies performed by PPO this season show that spraying against the pathogen works very well against premature leaf drop.
The trees in the tests treated with the fungicide against Alternaria remained almost free from leaf lesions and premature leaf drop, while the untreated trees still had lesions and experienced the usual substantial leaf drop (>80%).
The results represent a breakthrough in the research into the approach towards leaf drop in Golden Delicious. Further research should show the actual cause of the leaf drop, as it appears that Alternaria is only an indirect cause. It is likely that Alternaria affects the hormone regulation in the trees, which eventually leads to yellowing and premature leaf drop.
The research was financed by the Dutch Product Board for Horticulture (PT).
Untreated Golden Delicious apple trees showing leaf lesions and yellowing of the leaves |
Golden Delicious apple trees treated against the Alternaria fungus, stay green and do not suffer from premature leaf drop |