MARAN - Antibiotic usage
The objective of this study is to obtain detailed insight into the trends in the exposure of farm animals to antibiotics. This is done by monitoring both overall sales data at the national level and usage data per animal species. The results can be used for policy evaluation at national and international level. In addition, the usage data can play a role in interpreting trends in antimicrobial resistance.
Areas of expertise
Materials & methods
Analysis of trends in total sales
FIDIN reports the total amount of antibiotics (active ingredient in kilograms) sold in the Netherlands, at the level of pharmacotherapeutic groups. The data about use of active substances are based on sales data of members of FIDIN and are estimated to cover about 98% of all sales in the Netherlands. Actual consumption can differ from the amounts sold, as a result of stockpiling and cross-border use. The figures give information about the total sales for all animals, not per individual animal species.
Analysis of trends in use per species
The use of different active ingredients measured in kilograms is not directly comparable due to their differences in antimicrobial potency, pharmacokinetics , and, consequently, the dosage prescription.
Survey data and statistical analysis
This study uses survey data from farms in the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) and additional veal calf farmers.
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Sales of antibiotics
During the period 2009-2012 the total sales of antibiotics dropped by 51%, from 495 tonnes in 2009 to an estimated 244 tonnes in 2012 (FIDIN, 2012). This already exceeds the policy objective for 2013 set by the Dutch government, i.e., a 50% reduction in antibiotic use compared with 2009. Survey data on antibiotic use per animal species indicate a further decrease in all five livestock sectors examined in the first six months of 2012.