MARINA

MARINA stands for a Model to Assess River Inputs of Nutrients to seAs (or lAkes). River inputs of nutrients are quantified as a function of human activities on land and sub-basin characteristics. Retentions and losses of nutrients in soils and rivers are taken into account (figure below).
There are several versions of the MARINA model (Table below). MARINA 1.0 is the original version that was developed for China. MARINA 1.0 quantifies annual river export of nutrients to the Chinese seas for the past and future. The other versions are based on the original version of MARINA 1.0.

Figure: Conceptual framework of the MARINA models.
Figure: Conceptual framework of the MARINA models.
modeltable2.PNG

References:

  1. Strokal M, Kroeze C, Wang M, Bai Z, Ma L: The MARINA model (Model to Assess River Inputs of Nutrients to seAs): model description and results for China. Science of the Total Environment 2016, 562:869-888.
  2. Chen X, Strokal M, Kroeze C, Ma L, Shen Z, Wu J, Chen X, Shi X: Seasonality in river export of nitrogen: A modelling approach for the Yangtze River. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 671:1282-1292.
  3. Wang M, Kroeze C, Strokal M, van Vliet MT, Ma L: Global change can make coastal eutrophication control in China more difficult. Earth's Future 2020, 8:1-19.
  4. Chen X, Strokal M, Van Vliet MTH, Stuiver J, Wang M, Bai Z, Ma L, Kroeze C: Multi-scale Modeling of Nutrient Pollution in the Rivers of China. Environmental Science & Technology 2019, 53:9614-9625.
  5. Yang J, Strokal M, Kroeze C, Wang M, Wang J, Wu Y, Bai Z, Ma L: Nutrient losses to surface waters in Hai He basin: A case study of Guanting reservoir and Baiyangdian lake. Agricultural Water Management 2019, 213:62-75.
  6. Wang M, Strokal M, Burek P, Kroeze C, Ma L, Janssen AB: Excess nutrient loads to Lake Taihu: Opportunities for nutrient reduction. Science of the Total Environment 2019, 664:865-873.
  7. Ma C, Strokal M, Kroeze C, Wang M, Li X, Hofstra N, Ma L: Reducing river export of nutrients and eutrophication in Lake Dianchi in the future. Blue-Green Systems 2020, 2:73-90.
  8. Li X, Janssen AB, de Klein JJ, Kroeze C, Strokal M, Ma L, Zheng Y: Modeling nutrients in Lake Dianchi (China) and its watershed. Agricultural Water Management 2019, 212:48-59.
  9. Strokal M, Spanier JE, Kroeze C, Koelmans AA, Flörke M, Franssen W, Hofstra N, Langan S, Tang T, van Vliet MTH, et al.: Global multi-pollutant modelling of water quality: scientific challenges and future directions. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 2019, 36:116-125.