Dossier

Microplastics and Nanoplastics

Microplastics and Nanoplastics are tiny plastic particles that may end up in the environment. What are the effects of these plastics in the sea and fresh water? To answer that question Wageningen University & Research conducts research on microplastics and nanoplastics in the sea, in freshwater and in marine and freshwater organisms.

Size of microplastics and nanoplastics

• Microplastics are microscopic in size: 50 µm - 5 mm (0.05-5mm) (Andrady 2011)
• Nanoplastics are 1,000 times smaller than an algal cell.

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News about microplastics and nanoplastics

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  13 June 2025

  Smarter use of plastics strengthens circular agri- and horticulture

  - How do you make the use of plastics in agriculture and horticulture as circular as possible? This question was central to the WUR project Circular Use...
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  20 September 2024

  Twenty years of microplastics pollution research – what have we learned?

  - An international group of researchers says 20 years of research have generated sufficient knowledge about the sources and effects of microplastics to...
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  31 October 2023

  Microplastics are no longer so elusive

  - The effects of microplastics on humans and animals are not so elusive as they might seem, thanks to better measurement and calculation methods....
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  10 August 2023

  Nine Veni Grants to WUR researchers

  - Nine Wageningen researchers have been awarded a Veni Grant. This is the same number of recipients as last year, when NWO, the Dutch Research Council,...
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  30 June 2023

  Cooperation helps industry sustainability take a step forward

  - Biobased materials need not be inferior to those from the traditional fossil-based industries. Wageningen Food & Biobased Research has been...
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  18 June 2023

  Plastics @ WUR: let’s team up for a sustainable future with fewer plastics

  - For the 4th time, the Wageningen plastic team gathered to talk about plastic-related issues. The team consists of about 45 scientists from a variety...
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  03 April 2023

  Examining soil biodiversity in natural systems and their role in plant vegetation dynamics

  - Soils contain most biodiversity on Earth and drive major functions such as global elemental cycles and plant community changes. However, we still miss...
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  02 January 2023

  Bottom of the class for water quality

  - The Netherlands has the worst water quality of all EU member states: only one per cent of our waters are assessed as ‘good’. So we are...
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  28 November 2022

  Upstream foods: Seafood without a catch!

  - If meat can be cultivated, then so can fish. That was the idea behind the founding of the start-up Upstream foods. Kianti Figler and her two...
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  31 October 2022

  How can we ensure the safe usage of waste streams?

  - In the Circular Connected programme, four research teams from Wageningen University & Research (WUR) are working together in Flagship projects to...

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News 2015 - 2020

• 26 April 2017

  Economics of Pollution Management

• 19 January 2017

  Microplastics paper highlighted in Sciencemag

Projects

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  Multi-pollutant modelling of water quality

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  Towards Circular Greenhouse Horticulture

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  Identifying microplastics in agricultural sites in Brabant

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  Towards a sustainable, peat-free casing soil enriched with biostimulants for the mushroom sector

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  Recyclable paper-based food packaging

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  CHAMPION – Developing new circular materials from safe bio-based building blocks

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  ENZYCLE your plastic: biochemical plastic recycling without loss of value

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  Microplastic food web accumulation project ‘PlasticCod’ granted

• Technologies for the risk assessment of microplastics (TRAMP)

Publications

2021

• Hazard identification and Risk characterization – micro and nano plastics in food and feed

  Hoogenboom, Ron (2021)

• Statistical analysis of effects of MSC Zoe incident on populations of protected species in Wadden Sea and North Sea.

  Herman, Peter M.J. , van der Lelij, A.C. , Ieno, E.N. , Leopold, M.F. , Schekkerman, Hans , Troost, K. , Craeymeersch, J.A.M. , Bijleveld, Allert I. , van den Bogaart, L.A. (2021)

• Application of laser-induced, deep uv raman spectroscopy and artificial intelligence in real-time environmental monitoring—solutions and first results

  Post, Claudia , Brülisauer, Simon , Waldschläger, Kryss , Hug, William , Grüneis, Luis , Heyden, Niklas , Schmor, Sebastian , Förderer, Aaron , Reid, Ray , Reid, Michael , Bhartia, Rohit , Nguyen, Quoc , Schüttrumpf, Holger , Amann, Florian (2021) Sensors (2021), Volume: 21, Issue: 11 - ISSN 1424-8220

• Tracking Microplastics Across the Streambed Interface : Using Laser-Induced-Fluorescence to Quantitatively Analyze Microplastic Transport in an Experimental Flume

  Boos, Jan Pascal , Gilfedder, Benjamin Silas , Frei, Sven (2021) Water Resources Research (2021), Volume: 57, Issue: 12 - ISSN 0043-1397

• Relevance of Iron Oxyhydroxide and Pore Water Chemistry on the Mobility of Nanoplastic Particles in Water-Saturated Porous Media Environments

  Lu, Taotao , Gilfedder, Benjamin S. , Peng, Hao , Peiffer, Stefan , Papastavrou, Georg , Ottermann, Katharina , Frei, Sven (2021) Water, Air, and Soil Pollution (2021), Volume: 232, Issue: 5 - ISSN 0049-6979

• Concentration Depth Profiles of Microplastic Particles in River Flow and Implications for Surface Sampling

  Cowger, Win , Gray, Andrew B. , Guilinger, James J. , Fong, Brandon , Waldschläger, Kryss (2021) Environmental Science and Technology (2021), Volume: 55, Issue: 9 - ISSN 0013-936X - p. 6032-6041.

• Effects of clay minerals on the transport of nanoplastics through water-saturated porous media

  Lu, Taotao , Gilfedder, Benjamin S. , Peng, Hao , Niu, Geng , Frei, Sven (2021) Science of the Total Environment (2021), Volume: 796 - ISSN 0048-9697 - p. 148982-148982.

• Clarifying the absence of evidence regarding human health risks to microplastic particles in drinking-water: High quality robust data wanted

  Gouin, T. , Cunliffe, D. , de France, J. , Fawell, J. , Jarvis, P. , Koelmans, A.A. , Marsden, P. , Testai, E.E. , Asami, M. , Bevan, R. , Carrier, R. , Cotruvo, J. , Eckhardt, A. , Ong, C.N. (2021) Environment International (2021), Volume: 150 - ISSN 0160-4120

• Communicating the absence of evidence for microplastics risk: Balancing sensation and reflection

  Wardman, Toby , Koelmans, A.A. , Whyte, Jacqueline , Pahl, Sabine (2021) Environment International (2021), Volume: 150 - ISSN 0160-4120

• Assessing microplastic as a vector for chemical entry into fish larvae using a novel tube-feeding approach

  Norland, S. , Vorkamp, K. , Bogevik, A.S. , Koelmans, A.A. , Diepens, N.J. , Burgerhout, E. , Hansen, O.J. , Puvanendran, V. , Ronnestad, I. (2021) Chemosphere (2021), Volume: 265 - ISSN 0045-6535

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2020

• What do we know about how the terrestrial multicellular soil fauna reacts to microplastic?

  Büks, Frederick , Loes Van Schaik, Nicolette , Kaupenjohann, Martin (2020) SOIL (2020), Volume: 6, Issue: 2 - ISSN 2199-3971 - p. 245-267.

• Developing sustainable bio-based packaging products.

  Molenveld, Karin (2020)

• Settling and rising velocities of environmentally weathered micro- and macroplastic particles

  Waldschläger, Kryss , Born, Maximilian , Cowger, Win , Gray, Andrew , Schüttrumpf, Holger (2020) Environmental Research (2020), Volume: 191 - ISSN 0013-9351

• The way of macroplastic through the environment

  Lechthaler, Simone , Waldschläger, Kryss , Stauch, Georg , Schüttrumpf, Holger (2020) Environments - MDPI (2020), Volume: 7, Issue: 10 - ISSN 2076-3298 - p. 1-30.

• Erosion Behaviour of Different Microplastic Particles

  Waldschläger, Kryss , Schüttrumpf, Holger (2020) In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Microplastic Pollution in the Mediterranean Sea - Cham: Springer - ISBN: 9783030459116 - p. 319-325.

• Infiltration Behavior of Microplastic Particles with Different Densities, Sizes, and Shapes-From Glass Spheres to Natural Sediments

  Waldschläger, Kryss , Schüttrumpf, Holger (2020) Environmental Science and Technology (2020), Volume: 54, Issue: 15 - ISSN 0013-936X - p. 9366-9373.

• The way of microplastic through the environment – Application of the source-pathway-receptor model (review)

  Waldschläger, Kryss , Lechthaler, Simone , Stauch, Georg , Schüttrumpf, Holger (2020) Science of the Total Environment (2020), Volume: 713 - ISSN 0048-9697

• Food safety in the seaweed food supply chain : Inventory of production, consumption and chemical and physical hazards

  Banach, J.L. , Hoffmans, Y. , Faassen, E.J. , Hoek-van den Hil, E.F. , Klijnstra, M.D. (2020) Wageningen: Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR-report / Wageningen Food Safety Research 2020.016)

• Nano- and microplastics affect the composition of freshwater benthic communities in the long term

  Redondo Hasselerharm, P.E. , Gort, Gerrit , Peeters, E.T.H.M. , Koelmans, A.A. (2020) Science Advances (2020), Volume: 6, Issue: 5 - ISSN 2375-2548

• Effects of plastic mulch film residues on wheat rhizosphere and soil properties

  Qi, Yueling , Ossowicki, Adam , Yang, Xiaomei , Huerta Lwanga, Esperanza , Dini-Andreote, Francisco , Geissen, Violette , Garbeva, Paolina (2020) Journal of Hazardous Materials (2020), Volume: 387 - ISSN 0304-3894

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2019

• Plastic, milieu en gezondheid

  Koelmans, A.A. (2019) In: Plastic: Van zegen tot vloek - Den Haag: Stichting Biowetenschappen en Maatschappij - ISBN: 9789073196957 - p. 52-59.

• Microplastics vormen nog geen grote risico’s, volgens Europese topwetenschappers

  Koelmans, A.A. (2019) Wageningen: Nature Today

• Effects of Particle Properties on the Settling and Rise Velocities of Microplastics in Freshwater under Laboratory Conditions

  Waldschläger, Kryss , Schüttrumpf, Holger (2019) Environmental Science and Technology (2019), Volume: 53, Issue: 4 - ISSN 0013-936X - p. 1958-1966.

• Erosion Behavior of Different Microplastic Particles in Comparison to Natural Sediments

  Waldschläger, Kryss , Schüttrumpf, Holger (2019) Environmental Science and Technology (2019), Volume: 53, Issue: 22 - ISSN 0013-936X - p. 13219-13227.

• Occurence of microplastics in the hyporheic zone of rivers

  Frei, S. , Piehl, S. , Gilfedder, B.S. , Löder, M.G.J. , Krutzke, J. , Wilhelm, L. , Laforsch, C. (2019) Scientific Reports (2019), Volume: 9, Issue: 1 - ISSN 2045-2322

• Hazardous Chemicals in Plastics in Marine Environments : International Pellet Watch

  Yamashita, Rei , Tanaka, Kosuke , Yeo, Bee Geok , Takada, Hideshige , van Franeker, Jan A. , Dalton, Megan , Dale, Eric (2019) In: Hazardous Chemicals Associated with Plastics in the Marine Environment - Springer - ISBN: 9783319955667 - p. 163-183.

• Predicting soil microplastic concentration using vis-NIR spectroscopy

  Corradini, Fabio , Bartholomeus, Harm , Huerta Lwanga, Esperanza , Gertsen, Hennie , Geissen, Violette (2019) Science of the Total Environment (2019), Volume: 650 - ISSN 0048-9697 - p. 922-932.

• Proxies for Nanoplastic

  Koelmans, A.A. (2019) Nature Nanotechnology (2019), Volume: 14 - ISSN 1748-3387 - p. 307-308.

• Microplastics in freshwaters and drinking water: Critical review and assessment of data quality

  Koelmans, Albert A. , Mohamed Nor, Nur Hazimah , Hermsen, Enya , Kooi, Merel , Mintenig, Svenja M. , De France, Jennifer (2019) Water Research (2019), Volume: 155 - ISSN 0043-1354 - p. 410-422.

• Transfer of PCBs from microplastics under simulated gut fluid conditions is biphasic and reversible

  Mohamed Nor, Hazimah , Koelmans, A.A. (2019) Environmental Science and Technology (2019), Volume: 53, Issue: 4 - ISSN 0013-936X - p. 1874-1883.

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2018

• A simple method for the extraction and identification of light density microplastics from soil

  Zhang, Shaoliang , Yang, Xiaomei , Gertsen, Hennie , Peters, Piet , Salánki, Tamás , Geissen, Violette (2018) Science of the Total Environment (2018), Volume: 616-617 - ISSN 0048-9697 - p. 1056-1065.

• Ingestion and chronic effects of car tyre tread particles on freshwater benthic macroinvertebrates

  Redondo Hasselerharm, P.E. , de Ruijter, V. , Mintenig, Svenja , Verschoor, A. , Koelmans, A.A. (2018) Environmental Science and Technology (2018), Volume: 52, Issue: 23 - ISSN 0013-936X - p. 13986-13994.

• Modeling the fate and transport of plastic debris in fresh waters: Review and guidance

  Kooi, M. , Besseling, E. , Kroeze, C. , van Wenzel, A.P. , Koelmans, A.A. (2018) In: Freshwater Microplastics - Springer - ISBN: 9783319616155 - p. 125-152.

• Quality criteria for the analysis of microplastic in biota samples: a critical review

  Hermsen, Enya , Mintenig, Svenja M. , Besseling, E. , Koelmans, A.A. (2018) Environmental Science and Technology (2018), Volume: 52, Issue: 18 - ISSN 0013-936X - p. 10230-10240.

• Accumulation of plastic debris and associated contaminants in aquatic food webs

  Diepens, N.J. , Koelmans, A.A. (2018) Environmental Science and Technology (2018), Volume: 52, Issue: 15 - ISSN 0013-936X - p. 8510-8520.

• Risk assessment of microplastics in the ocean: modelling approach and first conclusions

  Everaert, G. , van Cauwenberghe, L. , De Rijcke, M. , Koelmans, A.A. , Mees, J. , Vandegehuchte, Martijn L. , Janssen, C.R. (2018) Environmental Pollution (2018), Volume: 242, Issue: B - ISSN 0269-7491 - p. 1930-1938.

• An overview of microplastic and nanoplastic pollution in agroecosystems

  Ng, Ee Ling , Huerta Lwanga, Esperanza , Eldridge, Simon M. , Johnston, Priscilla , Hu, Hang Wei , Geissen, Violette , Chen, Deli (2018) Science of the Total Environment (2018), Volume: 627 - ISSN 0048-9697 - p. 1377-1388.

• Closing the gap between small and smaller: Towards a framework to analyse nano- and microplastics in aqueous environmental samples

  Mintenig, Svenja , Bäuerlein, Patrick S. , Koelmans, A.A. , Decker, S.C. , van Wezel, A.P. (2018) Environmental Science: Nano (2018), Volume: 5, Issue: 7 - ISSN 2051-8153 - p. 1640-1649.

• The influence of microplastics and halogenated contaminants in feed on toxicokinetics and gene expression in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

  Granby, Kit , Rainieri, Sandra , Rasmussen, Rie Romme , Kotterman, Michiel J.J. , Sloth, Jens Jørgen , Cederberg, Tommy Licht , Barranco, Alex , Marques, António , Larsen, Bodil Katrine (2018) Environmental Research (2018), Volume: 164 - ISSN 0013-9351 - p. 430-443.

• Influence of microplastic addition on glyphosate decay and soil microbial activities in Chinese loess soil

  Yang, Xiaomei , Bento, Célia P.M. , Chen, Hao , Zhang, Hongming , Xue, Sha , Lwanga, Esperanza H. , Zomer, Paul , Ritsema, Coen J. , Geissen, Violette (2018) Environmental Pollution (2018), Volume: 242 - ISSN 0269-7491 - p. 338-347.

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2017

• Plastic jojoot in de oceanen

  Kooi, M. (2017)

• Onderzoek naar microplastics etende vissen blijkt frauduleus

  van Franeker, J.A. (2017)

• Detection of low numbers of microplastics in North Sea fish using strict quality assurance criteria

  Hermsen, E. , Pompe, R. , Besseling, E. , Koelmans, A.A. (2017) Marine Pollution Bulletin (2017), Volume: 122, Issue: 1-2 - ISSN 0025-326X - p. 253-258.

• The effect of microplastic on the uptake of chemicals by the Lugworm Arenicola marina (L.) under environmentally relevant exposure conditions

  Besseling, E. , Foekema, E.M. , van den Heuvel-Greve, Martine J. , Koelmans, A.A. (2017) Environmental Science and Technology (2017), Volume: 51, Issue: 15 - ISSN 0013-936X - p. 8795-8804.

• Response of soil dissolved organic matter to microplastic addition in Chinese loess soil

  Liu, Hongfei , Yang, Xiaomei , Liu, Guobin , Liang, Chutao , Xue, Sha , Chen, Hao , Ritsema, Coen J. , Geissen, Violette (2017) Chemosphere (2017), Volume: 185 - ISSN 0045-6535 - p. 907-917.

• Fate of nano- and microplastic in freshwater systems: A modeling study

  Besseling, Ellen , Quik, Joris T.K. , Sun, Muzhi , Koelmans, Bart (2017) Environmental Pollution (2017), Volume: 220, Issue: Part A - ISSN 0269-7491 - p. 540-548.

• Export of microplastics from land to sea. A modelling approach

  Siegfried, Max , Koelmans, A.A. , Besseling, E. , Kroeze, C. (2017) Water Research (2017), Volume: 127 - ISSN 0043-1354 - p. 249-257.

• Field evidence for transfer of plastic debris along a terrestrial food chain

  Huerta Lwanga, Esperanza , Mendoza Vega, Jorge , Ku Quej, Victor , de los Angeles Chi, Jesus , Sanchez del Cid, Lucero , Chi, Cesar , Escalona Segura, Griselda , Gertsen, Henny , Salánki, Tamás , van der Ploeg, Martine , Koelmans, Bart , Geissen, Violette (2017) Scientific Reports (2017), Volume: 7 - ISSN 2045-2322

• Aging of microplastics promotes their ingestion by marine zooplankton

  Vroom, Renske J.E. , Koelmans, Bart , Besseling, Ellen , Halsband, C. (2017) Environmental Pollution (2017), Volume: 231 - ISSN 0269-7491 - p. 987-996.

• All is not lost: Deriving a top-down mass budget of plastic at sea.

  Koelmans, Bart , Kooi, Merel , Law, Kara Lavender , van Sebille, Erik (2017) Environmental Research Letters (2017), Volume: 12, Issue: 11 - ISSN 1748-9326

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2016

• Effects of microplastics on zooplankton : Microplastic ingestion: the role of taste

  Vroom, Renske , Halsband, C. , Besseling, E. , Koelmans, A.A. (2016)

• Sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to polystyrene nanoplastic

  Liu, Lijing , Fokkink, R.G. , Koelmans, A.A. (2016) Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (2016), Volume: 35, Issue: 7 - ISSN 0730-7268 - p. 1650-1655.

• Statement: Presence of microplastics and nanoplastics in food, with particular focus on seafood

  Hoogenboom, L.A.P. (2016) EFSA Journal (2016), Volume: 14, Issue: 6 - ISSN 1831-4732

• Microplastics in the terrestrial ecosystem: Implications for Lumbricus terrestris (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae)

  Huerta Lwanga, Esperanza , Gertsen, H.F. , Gooren, H. , Peters, P.D. , Salanki, T.E. , van der Ploeg, M.J.C. , Besseling, E. , Koelmans, A.A. , Geissen, V. (2016) Environmental Science and Technology (2016), Volume: 50, Issue: 5 - ISSN 0013-936X - p. 2685-2691.

• Microplastic as a Vector for Chemicals in the Aquatic Environment. Critical Review and Model-Supported Re-interpretation of Empirical Studies.

  Koelmans, A.A. , Bakir, A. , Burton, G.A. , Janssen, C.R. (2016) Environmental Science and Technology (2016), Volume: 50 - ISSN 0013-936X - p. 3315-3326.

• The effect of particle properties on the depth profile of buoyant plastics in the ocean

  Kooi, Merel , Reisser, J. , Slat, B. , Ferrari, F. , Schmid, M. , Cunsolo, S. , Brambini, R. , Noble, K. , Sirks, L.A. , Linders, T.E.W. , Schoeneich-Argent, R.I. , Koelmans, A.A. (2016) Scientific Reports (2016), Volume: 6 - ISSN 2045-2322

• The effect of particle properties on the depth profile of buoyant plastics in the ocean

  Kooi, Merel , Reisser, J. , Slat, B. , Ferrari, F. , Schmid, M. , Cunsolo, S. , Brambini, R. , Noble, K. , Sirks, L.A. , Linders, T.E.W. , Schoeneich-Argent, R.I. , Koelmans, A.A. (2016)

2015

• Speuren naar vervuiling door minuscuul plastic

  Ramaker, R. , Koelmans, A.A. (2015) Resource: weekblad voor Wageningen UR (2015), Volume: 9, Issue: 18 - ISSN 1874-3625 - p. 11-11.

• Modeling the role of microplastics in Bioaccumulation of organic chemicals to marine aquatic organisms. Critical Review

  Koelmans, A.A. (2015) In: Marine Anthropogenic Litter - Berlin: Springer - ISBN: 9783319165103 - p. 309-324.

• Emerging pollutants in the environment : A challenge for water resource management

  Geissen, V. , Mol, J.G.J. , Klumpp, Erwin , Umlauf, Günter , Nadal, M. , van der Ploeg, M.J. , van der Zee, S.E.A.T.M. , Ritsema, C.J. (2015) International Soil and Water Conservation Research (2015), Volume: 3, Issue: 1 - ISSN 2095-6339 - p. 57-65.

• Nanoplastics in the aquatic environment

  Koelmans, A.A. , Besseling, E. , Shim, W.J. (2015) In: Marine Anthropogene Litter - Berlin: Springer - ISBN: 9783319165103 - p. 325-340.

• A global inventory of small floating plastic debris

  van Sebille, Erik , Wilcox, Chris , Lebreton, Laurent , Maximenko, Nikolai , Hardesty, Britta Denise , van Franeker, J.A. , Eriksen, Marcus , Siegel, David , Galgani, F. , Law, Kara Lavender (2015) Environmental Research Letters (2015), Volume: 10, Issue: 12 - ISSN 1748-9326

• A critical view on microplastic quantification in aquatic organisms

  Vandermeersch, Griet , Van Cauwenberghe, Lisbeth , Janssen, Colin R. , Marques, Antonio , Granby, Kit , Fait, Gabriella , Kotterman, M.J.J. , Diogène, Jorge , Bekaert, Karen , Robbens, Johan , Devriese, Lisa (2015) Environmental Research (2015), Volume: 143, Issue: part B - ISSN 0013-9351 - p. 46-55.

• Environmental contaminants of emerging concern in seafood - European database on contaminant levels

  Vandermeersch, Griet , Lourenço, Helena Maria , Alvarez-Muñoz, Diana , Cunha, Sara , Diogène, Jorge , Cano-Sancho, German , Sloth, Jens J. , Kwadijk, Christiaan , Barcelo, Damia , Allegaert, Wim , Bekaert, Karen , Fernandes, José Oliveira , Marques, Antonio , Robbens, Johan (2015) Environmental Research (2015), Volume: 143 - ISSN 0013-9351 - p. 29-45.

• Potential Health Impact of Environmentally Released Micro- and Nanoplastics in the Human Food Production Chain: Experiences from Nanotoxicology

  Bouwmeester, H. , Hollman, P.C.H. , Peters, R.J.B. (2015) Environmental Science and Technology (2015), Volume: 49 - ISSN 0013-936X - p. 8932-8947.

• Linking effects of anthropogenic debris to ecological impacts

  Browne, M.A. , Underwood, A.J. , Chapman, M.G. , Williams, R. , Thompson, R.C. , van Franeker, J.A. (2015) Proceedings of the Royal Society. B: Biological Sciences (2015), Volume: 282, Issue: 1807 - ISSN 0962-8452

• Microplastic in a macro filter feeder: humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae

  Besseling, E. , Foekema, E.M. , van Franeker, J.A. , Leopold, M.F. , Bravo Rebolledo, E. , Kühn, S. , Mielke, L. , Heberle-Bors, E. , Ijzer, J. , Kamminga, P. , Koelmans, A.A. (2015) Marine Pollution Bulletin (2015), Volume: 95, Issue: 1 - ISSN 0025-326X - p. 248-252.

2014

• Screening van hot spots van nieuwe verontreinigingen : een pilot studie in bodem, grondwater en oppervlaktewater

  Lahr, J. , ter Laak, T.L. , Derksen, A. (2014) Wageningen: Alterra (Alterra-rapport 2538)

• Verkennend Onderzoek Microplastic in het beheersgebied van Waterschap Rivierenland

  Besseling, E. , Foekema, E.M. , Koelmans, A.A. (2014) Wageningen: Wageningen Universiteit

• Eerste inschatting van vrijkomen van plastics als gevolg van slijtage van Mosselzaad-Invangsystemen (MZI's)

  Hartog, E. , van den Brink, A.M. , Kamermans, P. (2014) Yerseke: IMARES (Rapport / IMARES Wageningen UR C188/13)

• Ecotoxic Effects of Nano Plastic on Freshwater plankton (Scenedesmus obliquus and Daphnia magna)

  Besseling, E. , Wang, B. , Koelmans, A.A. (2014) In: Book of Abstracts of the International workshop 'Fate and impact of microplastics in marine ecosystems' - p. 40-40.

• Correction to Nanoplastic Affects Growth of S. obliquus and Reproduction of D. magna

  Besseling, Ellen , Wang, Bo , Lürling, Miquel , Koelmans, Albert A. (2014) Environmental Science and Technology (2014), Volume: 48, Issue: 23 - ISSN 0013-936X

• Leaching of Plastic Additives to Marine Organisms

  Koelmans, A.A. , Besseling, E. , Foekema, E.M. (2014) Environmental Pollution (2014), Volume: 187 - ISSN 0269-7491 - p. 49-54.

• Strong Sorption of PCBs to Nanoplastics, Microplastics, Carbon Nanotubes, and Fullerenes

  Velzeboer, I. , Kwadijk, C.J.A.F. , Koelmans, A.A. (2014) Environmental Science and Technology (2014), Volume: 48, Issue: 9 - ISSN 0013-936X - p. 4869-4876.

• Nanoplastic affects growth of S. obliquus and reproduction of D. magna

  Besseling, E. , Wang, B. , Lürling, M.F.L.L.W. , Koelmans, A.A. (2014) Environmental Science and Technology (2014), Volume: 48, Issue: 20 - ISSN 0013-936X - p. 12336-12343.

2013

• Plastic as a carrier of POPs to aquatic organisms. A model analysis

  Koelmans, A.A. , Besseling, E. , Wegner, A. , Foekema, E.M. (2013) In: 23rd Annual Meeting of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 12 - 16 May, Glasgow - p. 36-36.

• Effects of microplastic on fitness and PCB bioaccumulation by the lugworm Arenicola marina

  Besseling, E. , Wegner, A. , Foekema, E.M. , van den Heuvel-Greve, Martine , Koelmans, A.A. (2013) Environmental Science and Technology (2013), Volume: 47, Issue: 1 - ISSN 0013-936X - p. 593-600.

• Plastic as a Carrier of POPs to Aquatic Organisms: A Model Analysis

  Koelmans, A.A. , Besseling, E. , Wegner, A. , Foekema, E.M. (2013) Environmental Science and Technology (2013), Volume: 47, Issue: 14 - ISSN 0013-936X - p. 7812-7820.

• Microplastics in aquatic food chain : sources, measurement, occurrence and potential health risks

  Hollman, P.C.H. , Bouwmeester, H. , Peters, R.J.B. (2013) Wageningen: RIKILT (Report / RIKILT, Institute of Food Safety 2013.003)

2012

• Effects of nanopolystyrene on the feeding behavior of the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis L.)

  Wegner, A. , Besseling, E. , Foekema, E.M. , Kamermans, P. , Koelmans, A.A. (2012) Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (2012), Volume: 31, Issue: 11 - ISSN 0730-7268 - p. 2490-2497.

• An assessment of the current and potential future natural and anthropogenic issues facing migratory shorebirds

  Sutherland, W.J. , Alves, J.A. , Chang, C.H. , Davidson, D.C. , Finlayson, C.M. , Gill, J.A. , Gill, R.E. , González, P.M. , Gunnarsson, T.G. , Kleijn, D. , Spray, C.J. , Szekely, T. , Thompson, D.B.A. (2012) Ibis (2012), Volume: 154, Issue: 4 - ISSN 0019-1019 - p. 663-679.