Edition

Crop Modelling: Output data and References

Results are given for respectively winter wheat, spring wheat, potato ware, potato seed, sugar beet, fodder maize, grain maize, winter rape seed, spring barley, sunflower, peas, onion and tulip.

Scenarios

Simulation runs for the thirteen crop types have been done for

  1. the current climate conditions for Lelystad, the Netherlands,
  2. the four KNMI scenarios for Lelystad with the high emission scenario A1FI,
  3. the four KNMI scenarios for Lelystad and the moderate emission scenario B2,  and
  4. the four KNMI scenarios with the high emission scenario A1FI plus the adaptation to climate change.

Crops and types of yields

Results are given for respectively winter wheat, spring wheat, potato ware, potato seed, sugar beet, fodder maize, grain maize, winter rape seed, spring barley, sunflower, peas, onion and tulip. The simulations have been done for both potential (i.e. irrigated, optimal nutrient supply and management) and water-limited conditions (i.e. rainfed, optimal nutrient supply and management). Both mean yield values and the standard deviation (SD) of the simulated potential and water limited yields over 17 years are given in the tables per crop.  However, there are many more outcomes from the simulation runs than given.

Other outputs

For potential conditions the mean and SD of the following outcomes as simulated over 17 years, and also the outcomes per year are available as Excel files on request:

  1. Dates of sowing, emergence, flowering (or tuber initiation), and maturity
  2. Growth durations
  3. Weights at harvest of total roots, leaves, stems, grains/tubers/bulbs, and total above-ground biomass
  4. Maximum leaf area index and harvest index
  5. Transpiration coefficient
  6. Total gross assimilation and total maintenance respiration
  7. Total soil evaporation and total crop transpiration.

For water limited conditions the mean and SD of the following outcomes as simulated over 17 years, and also the outcomes per year are available as Excel files on request:

  1. Dates of sowing and emergence, and the growth duration
  2. Weights at harvest of total leaves, stems, grains /tubers/ bulbs, and total above-ground biomass
  3. Maximum leaf area index and harvest index
  4. Transpiration coefficient
  5. Components of the water balance during the simulated period, such as cumulative  rainfall, change in soil water in maximally rooted zone, cumulative crop transpiration and soil evaporation, and total water losses by downward flow and by surface runoff
  6. Fractions of yield and total above ground biomass  compared to the yield and total biomass under potential conditions.

References

References

Allen, S.G., S.B. Idso, B.A. Kimball, J.T. Baker, L.H. Allen, J.R. Mauney, J.W. Radin & M.G. Anderson, 1990. Effects of air temperature on atmospheric CO2-plant growth relationships. Report TR048. U.S. Dep. of Energy/U.S. Dep. of Agriculture, Washington DC, USA.

Chen, J., 1984. Uncoupled multi-layer model for the transfer of sensible and latent heat flux densities from vegetation. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 28: 213-226.

Cure, J.D., 1985. Carbon dioxide doubling responses: a crop survey. p. 99-116. In: Strain, B.R. & J.D. Cure. Direct effects of increasing carbon dioxide on vegetation. DOE/ER-0238. U.S. Dep. of Energy, Washington D.C., USA.

Cure, J.D. & B. Acock, 1986. Crop responses to carbon dioxide doubling: A literature survey. Agric. For. Meteorol. 38: 127-145.

De Temmerman, L., J. Wolf, J. Colls, M. Bindi, A. Fangmeier, J. Finnan, K. Ojanpera and H. Pleijel, 2002. Effect of climatic conditions on tuber yield (Solanum tuberosum L.) in the European ‘CHIP’ experiments. Europ. J. of Agronomy 17: 243-255.

De Visser, C.L.M., 1990. Concept and development of a dynamic simulation model for onion growth. Acta Hortic. 267, 401-409

Goudriaan, J., 1977. Crop micrometeorology: a simulation study. Simulation Monographs. Pudoc, Wageningen, Netherlands.

Goudriaan, J., 1990. Primary productivity and CO2. p. 23-25. In: Goudriaan, J., H. van Keulen & H.H. van Laar (Eds.). The greenhouse effect and primary productivity in European agro-ecosystems. Pudoc, Wageningen, Netherlands. Goudriaan, J. & H.H. van Laar, 1978. Calculation of daily totals of the gross CO2 assimilation of leaf canopies. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 26: 373-382.

Goudriaan, J., H.H. van Laar, H. van Keulen & W. Louwerse, 1984. Simulation of the effect of increased atmospheric CO2 on assimilation and transpiration of a closed crop canopy. Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin,Math.-Nat. R.33: 352-356.

Goudriaan J., H.H. van Laar, H. van Keulen & W. Louwerse, 1985. Photosynthesis, CO2 and plant production. p. 107-122. In: Day, W. & R.K. Atkins (Eds.). Wheat growth and modeling. NATO ASI Series. Serie A: Life sciences Vol. 86. Plenum Publishing, New York, USA.

Goudriaan, J. & H.E. de Ruiter, 1983. Plant growth in response to CO2 enrichment, at two levels of nitrogen and phosphorus supply. 1. Dry matter, leaf area and development. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 31:157-169.

Goudriaan, J. & M.H. Unsworth, 1990. Implications of increasing carbon dioxide and climate change for agricultural productivity and water resources. p. 111-130. In: Impact of carbon dioxide, trace gasses, and climate change on global agriculture. ASA Special Publication no. 53. American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, Madison, USA.

Idso, S.B., 1990. Interactive effects of carbon dioxide and climate variables on plant growth. p. 61-69. In: Impact of carbon dioxide, trace gasses, and climate change on global agriculture. ASA Special Publication no. 53. American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, Madison, USA.

Kimball, B.A., 1983. Carbon dioxide and agricultural yield: An assemblage and analysis of 430 prior observations. Agronomy Journal 75: 779-788.

Rabbinge, R., van Diepen, C.A., 2000. Changes in agriculture and land use in Europe. European Journal of Agronomy 13: 85-99.

Van den Hurk, B., A. Klein Tank, G. Lenderink, A. van Ulden, G. J. van Oldenborgh, C. Katsman, H. van den Brink, F. Keller, J. Bessembinder, Burgers, G., G. Komen, W. Hazeleger and S. Drijfhout, 2006: KNMI Climate Change Scenarios 2006 for the Netherlands. KNMI Scientific Report WR 2006-01, De Bilt, The Netherlands.

Van der Valk, G.G.M., Van Gils, J. B.H.M., 1990. Structure and applications of a production model in Tulip bulb culture. Acta Hortic. 266, 391-400.

Van Diepen, C.A., Wolf, J., Van Keulen, H., Rappoldt, C., 1989. WOFOST: a simulation model of crop production. Soil Use & Management 5: 16-24.

Van Ittersum, M.K., Leffelaar, P.A., van Keulen, H., Kropff, M.J., Bastiaans, L., Goudriaan, J., 2003. On approaches and applications of the Wageningen crop models. European Journal of Agronomy 18, 201-234.Wolf, J., M. van Oijen. 2002. Modelling the dependence of European potato yields on changes in climate and CO2. Agric. and Forest Meteorology 112: 217-231.

Wolf, J., M. van Oijen, and C. Kempenaar. 2002. Analysis of the experimental variability in wheat responses to elevated CO2 and temperature. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 93: 227-247.

Wolf, J., M. van Oijen, 2003. Model simulation of effects of changes in climate and atmospheric CO2 and O3 on tuber yield potential of potato (cv. Bintje) in the European Union. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 94: 141-157.

Available download