
Dossier
Microplastics en nanoplastics
Microplastics en nanoplastics zijn kleine plasticdeeltjes die in het milieu terecht kunnen komen. Wat zijn de effecten van deze kunststoffen in de zee en zoet water? Om die vraag te beantwoorden doet Wageningen University & Research onderzoek naar microplastics en nanoplastics in de zee, in zoet water en in zee- en zoetwaterorganismen.
Grootte van microplastics en nanoplastics
Microplastics zijn microscopisch klein: 50 µm - 5 mm (0.05-5mm) (Andrady 2011).
Nanoplastics zijn plastic deeltjes die 1000 keer zo klein zijn als een algencel.
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Regelgeving nanodeeltjes en nanoplastics
Het beleid van de Europese Commissie voor nanodeeltjes vindt plaats via de cosmeticaverordening, de voedingslabelrichtlijn, en de regels rond biociden. Het milieuaspect van nanodeeltjes wordt geregeld via de regelgeving voor het beheer van chemische producten. Voor het gebruik van nanomaterialen in cosmetische producten geeft de cosmeticaverordening specifieke regels.
Regelgeving microplastics
Het probleem rond microplastics wordt vooral gezien als een milieuprobleem. Het is niet opgenomen in de cosmeticarichtlijn, omdat er nog geen aantoonbaar bewijs is dat het gebruik echt slecht is voor de volksgezondheid. Er bestaat voor microplastics alleen de afvalrichtlijn. De Commissie wil eerst de volledige implementatie van de regelgeving afwachten, voordat ze specifieke stappen gaat ondernemen voor microplastics.
Grootte is een belangrijke factor
Er zou in de Europese richtlijnen niet alleen aandacht moet komen voor de aard van de stof, maar ook voor de grootte. Stoffen hebben op nanoniveau andere eigenschappen dan op microniveau. Tot nu maken de Europese (water)richtlijnen alleen onderscheid tussen prioritaire en niet-prioritaire stoffen. Dat zou moeten veranderen.
Bron: Over de Zee
Publicaties en Rapporten
2021
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Microplastics in Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) spraints and their potential as a biomonitoring tool in freshwater systems
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Hazard identification and Risk characterization – micro and nano plastics in food and feed
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Urbanization: an increasing source of multiple pollutants to rivers in the 21st century
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Statistical analysis of effects of MSC Zoe incident on populations of protected species in Wadden Sea and North Sea.
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Ecologische effecten van MSC Zoe polystyreen-korrels onderzocht in experimentele marine ecosystemen
Den Helder: Wageningen Marine Research (Wageningen Marine Research rapport C019/21) -
Impacts of anthropogenic activities on the ecology and ecosystem service delivery of Lake Ziway, Ethiopia
Wageningen University. Promotor(en): P.J. van den Brink, co-promotor(en): J.H. Faber, A.A. Mengistie - Wageningen: Wageningen University - ISBN: 9789463956383 -
Development and application of tests for microplastic detection in soil
Wageningen University. Promotor(en): V. Geissen, co-promotor(en): Esperanza Huerta-Lwanga - Wageningen: Wageningen University - ISBN: 9789463956253 -
From plastic mulching to microplastic pollution : An effect assessment of microplastics in the soil-plant system
Wageningen University. Promotor(en): V. Geissen, co-promotor(en): X. Yang, M. Xu - Wageningen: Wageningen University - ISBN: 9789463958622 -
Inventarisatie aspecten rondom opruimen microplastics na maritieme incidenten
Den Helder: Wageningen Marine Research (Wageningen Marine Research rapport C95/21) -
‘Klein maar niet fijn’ : Microplastic in zee, vis en schelpdieren
Aquacultuur (2021), Volume: 36, Issue: 1 - ISSN 1382-2764 - p. 33-39.
2020
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Effect assessment of nano- and microplastics in freshwater ecosystems
Wageningen University. Promotor(en): A.A. Koelmans, co-promotor(en): E.T.H.M. Peeters - Wageningen: Wageningen University - ISBN: 9789463955942 -
Plastic in Roodkeelduikers: een T-nul studie in het kader van de containerramp MSC Zoe
Den Helder: Wageningen Marine Research (Wageningen Marine Research rapport C088/20) -
Message in a belly : Plastic pathways in Fulmars
Wageningen University. Promotor(en): H. Lindeboom, G.W. Gabrielsen, co-promotor(en): J.A. van Franeker - Wageningen: Wageningen University - ISBN: 9789463952507 -
Meetrapport verzamelen van plastics van MSC Zoe: zeevogels, vissen, zeebodem, stranden : Beknopt verslag van werkzaamheden in 2019
Den Helder: Wageningen Marine Research (Wageningen Marine Research rapport C009/20) -
Microplastics in the agroecosystem: effects of plastic mulch film residues on the soil-plant system
Wageningen University. Promotor(en): V. Geissen, co-promotor(en): P. Garbeva, X. Yang - Wageningen: Wageningen University - ISBN: 9789463955614 -
What do we know about how the terrestrial multicellular soil fauna reacts to microplastic?
SOIL (2020), Volume: 6, Issue: 2 - ISSN 2199-3971 - p. 245-267. -
Developing sustainable bio-based packaging products.
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Settling and rising velocities of environmentally weathered micro- and macroplastic particles
Environmental Research (2020), Volume: 191 - ISSN 0013-9351 -
The way of macroplastic through the environment
Environments - MDPI (2020), Volume: 7, Issue: 10 - ISSN 2076-3298 - p. 1-30. -
Erosion Behaviour of Different Microplastic Particles
In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Microplastic Pollution in the Mediterranean Sea - Cham: Springer - ISBN: 9783030459116 - p. 319-325.
2019
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Plastic, milieu en gezondheid
In: Plastic: Van zegen tot vloek - Den Haag: Stichting Biowetenschappen en Maatschappij - ISBN: 9789073196957 - p. 52-59. -
Microplastics vormen nog geen grote risico’s, volgens Europese topwetenschappers
Wageningen: Nature Today -
Effects of Particle Properties on the Settling and Rise Velocities of Microplastics in Freshwater under Laboratory Conditions
Environmental Science and Technology (2019), Volume: 53, Issue: 4 - ISSN 0013-936X - p. 1958-1966. -
Erosion Behavior of Different Microplastic Particles in Comparison to Natural Sediments
Environmental Science and Technology (2019), Volume: 53, Issue: 22 - ISSN 0013-936X - p. 13219-13227. -
Occurence of microplastics in the hyporheic zone of rivers
Scientific Reports (2019), Volume: 9, Issue: 1 - ISSN 2045-2322 -
Biogenic transport of glyphosate in the presence of LDPE microplastics : A mesocosm experiment
Environmental Pollution (2019), Volume: 245 - ISSN 0269-7491 - p. 829-835. -
Interactive effects of microplastics and glyphosate on the dynamics of soil dissolved organic matter in a Chinese loess soil
Catena (2019), Volume: 182 - ISSN 0341-8162 -
Combined effects of nanoplastics and copper on the freshwater alga Raphidocelis subcapitata
Aquatic Toxicology (2019), Volume: 210 - ISSN 0166-445X - p. 179-187. -
On-Flow Immobilization of Polystyrene Microspheres on β-Cyclodextrin-Patterned Silica Surfaces through Supramolecular Host-Guest Interactions
ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces (2019), Volume: 11, Issue: 39 - ISSN 1944-8244 - p. 36221-36231. -
Evidence of microplastic accumulation in agricultural soils from sewage sludge disposal
Science of the Total Environment (2019), Volume: 671 - ISSN 0048-9697 - p. 411-420.
2018
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Micro- and nanoplastic in the aquatic environment : from rivers to whales
Wageningen University. Promotor(en): A.A. Koelmans, co-promotor(en): Dr. E.M. Foekema - Wageningen: Wageningen University - ISBN: 9789463432597 -
An overview of microplastic and nanoplastic pollution in agroecosystems
Science of the Total Environment (2018), Volume: 627 - ISSN 0048-9697 - p. 1377-1388. -
Closing the gap between small and smaller: Towards a framework to analyse nano- and microplastics in aqueous environmental samples
Environmental Science: Nano (2018), Volume: 5, Issue: 7 - ISSN 2051-8153 - p. 1640-1649. -
A simple method for the extraction and identification of light density microplastics from soil
Science of the Total Environment (2018), Volume: 616-617 - ISSN 0048-9697 - p. 1056-1065. -
Microplastic effect thresholds for freshwater benthic macroinvertebrates
Environmental Science and Technology (2018), Volume: 52, Issue: 4 - ISSN 0013-936X - p. 2278-2286. -
Influence of microplastic addition on glyphosate decay and soil microbial activities in Chinese loess soil
Environmental Pollution (2018), Volume: 242 - ISSN 0269-7491 - p. 338-347. -
Accumulation of plastic debris and associated contaminants in aquatic food webs
Environmental Science and Technology (2018), Volume: 52, Issue: 15 - ISSN 0013-936X - p. 8510-8520. -
Risk assessment of microplastics in the ocean: modelling approach and first conclusions
Environmental Pollution (2018), Volume: 242, Issue: B - ISSN 0269-7491 - p. 1930-1938. -
Decay of low-density polyethylene by bacteria extracted from earthworm's guts : A potential for soil restoration
Science of the Total Environment (2018), Volume: 624 - ISSN 0048-9697 - p. 753-757. -
Quality criteria for the analysis of microplastic in biota samples: a critical review
Environmental Science and Technology (2018), Volume: 52, Issue: 18 - ISSN 0013-936X - p. 10230-10240.
2017
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Plastic jojoot in de oceanen
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Marine litter
Wilhelmshaven: Common Wadden Sea Secretariat (Wadden Sea Quality Status Report ) -
Onderzoek naar microplastics etende vissen blijkt frauduleus
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The effect of microplastic on the uptake of chemicals by the Lugworm Arenicola marina (L.) under environmentally relevant exposure conditions
Environmental Science and Technology (2017), Volume: 51, Issue: 15 - ISSN 0013-936X - p. 8795-8804. -
Detection of low numbers of microplastics in North Sea fish using strict quality assurance criteria
Marine Pollution Bulletin (2017), Volume: 122, Issue: 1-2 - ISSN 0025-326X - p. 253-258. -
Field evidence for transfer of plastic debris along a terrestrial food chain
Scientific Reports (2017), Volume: 7 - ISSN 2045-2322 -
Aging of microplastics promotes their ingestion by marine zooplankton
Environmental Pollution (2017), Volume: 231 - ISSN 0269-7491 - p. 987-996. -
All is not lost: Deriving a top-down mass budget of plastic at sea.
Environmental Research Letters (2017), Volume: 12, Issue: 11 - ISSN 1748-9326 -
Ups and downs in the ocean. Modelling the effect of biofouling on the vertical transport of microplastics
Environmental Science and Technology (2017), Volume: 51, Issue: 14 - ISSN 0013-936X - p. 7963-7971. -
Fate of nano- and microplastic in freshwater systems: A modeling study
Environmental Pollution (2017), Volume: 220, Issue: Part A - ISSN 0269-7491 - p. 540-548.
2016
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The effect of particle properties on the depth profile of buoyant plastics in the ocean
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Effects of microplastics on zooplankton : Microplastic ingestion: the role of taste
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Statement: Presence of microplastics and nanoplastics in food, with particular focus on seafood
EFSA Journal (2016), Volume: 14, Issue: 6 - ISSN 1831-4732 -
Microplastics in the terrestrial ecosystem: Implications for Lumbricus terrestris (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae)
Environmental Science and Technology (2016), Volume: 50, Issue: 5 - ISSN 0013-936X - p. 2685-2691. -
Microplastic as a Vector for Chemicals in the Aquatic Environment. Critical Review and Model-Supported Re-interpretation of Empirical Studies.
Environmental Science and Technology (2016), Volume: 50 - ISSN 0013-936X - p. 3315-3326. -
Sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to polystyrene nanoplastic
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (2016), Volume: 35, Issue: 7 - ISSN 0730-7268 - p. 1650-1655. -
The effect of particle properties on the depth profile of buoyant plastics in the ocean
Scientific Reports (2016), Volume: 6 - ISSN 2045-2322
2015
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Speuren naar vervuiling door minuscuul plastic
Resource: weekblad voor Wageningen UR (2015), Volume: 9, Issue: 18 - ISSN 1874-3625 - p. 11-11. -
Modeling the role of microplastics in Bioaccumulation of organic chemicals to marine aquatic organisms. Critical Review
In: Marine Anthropogenic Litter - Berlin: Springer - ISBN: 9783319165103 - p. 309-324. -
A global inventory of small floating plastic debris
Environmental Research Letters (2015), Volume: 10, Issue: 12 - ISSN 1748-9326 -
A critical view on microplastic quantification in aquatic organisms
Environmental Research (2015), Volume: 143, Issue: part B - ISSN 0013-9351 - p. 46-55. -
Potential Health Impact of Environmentally Released Micro- and Nanoplastics in the Human Food Production Chain: Experiences from Nanotoxicology
Environmental Science and Technology (2015), Volume: 49 - ISSN 0013-936X - p. 8932-8947. -
Emerging pollutants in the environment : A challenge for water resource management
International Soil and Water Conservation Research (2015), Volume: 3, Issue: 1 - ISSN 2095-6339 - p. 57-65. -
Microplastic in a macro filter feeder: humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae
Marine Pollution Bulletin (2015), Volume: 95, Issue: 1 - ISSN 0025-326X - p. 248-252. -
Nanoplastics in the aquatic environment
In: Marine Anthropogene Litter - Berlin: Springer - ISBN: 9783319165103 - p. 325-340. -
Environmental contaminants of emerging concern in seafood - European database on contaminant levels
Environmental Research (2015), Volume: 143 - ISSN 0013-9351 - p. 29-45. -
Linking effects of anthropogenic debris to ecological impacts
Proceedings of the Royal Society. B: Biological Sciences (2015), Volume: 282, Issue: 1807 - ISSN 0962-8452
2014
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Screening van hot spots van nieuwe verontreinigingen : een pilot studie in bodem, grondwater en oppervlaktewater
Wageningen: Alterra (Alterra-rapport 2538) -
Verkennend Onderzoek Microplastic in het beheersgebied van Waterschap Rivierenland
Wageningen: Wageningen Universiteit -
Eerste inschatting van vrijkomen van plastics als gevolg van slijtage van Mosselzaad-Invangsystemen (MZI's)
Yerseke: IMARES (Rapport / IMARES Wageningen UR C188/13) -
Ecotoxic Effects of Nano Plastic on Freshwater plankton (Scenedesmus obliquus and Daphnia magna)
In: Book of Abstracts of the International workshop 'Fate and impact of microplastics in marine ecosystems' - p. 40-40. -
Correction to Nanoplastic Affects Growth of S. obliquus and Reproduction of D. magna
Environmental Science and Technology (2014), Volume: 48, Issue: 23 - ISSN 0013-936X -
Leaching of Plastic Additives to Marine Organisms
Environmental Pollution (2014), Volume: 187 - ISSN 0269-7491 - p. 49-54. -
Strong Sorption of PCBs to Nanoplastics, Microplastics, Carbon Nanotubes, and Fullerenes
Environmental Science and Technology (2014), Volume: 48, Issue: 9 - ISSN 0013-936X - p. 4869-4876. -
Nanoplastic affects growth of S. obliquus and reproduction of D. magna
Environmental Science and Technology (2014), Volume: 48, Issue: 20 - ISSN 0013-936X - p. 12336-12343.
2013
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Plastic as a carrier of POPs to aquatic organisms. A model analysis
In: 23rd Annual Meeting of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 12 - 16 May, Glasgow - p. 36-36. -
Effects of microplastic on fitness and PCB bioaccumulation by the lugworm Arenicola marina
Environmental Science and Technology (2013), Volume: 47, Issue: 1 - ISSN 0013-936X - p. 593-600. -
Plastic as a Carrier of POPs to Aquatic Organisms: A Model Analysis
Environmental Science and Technology (2013), Volume: 47, Issue: 14 - ISSN 0013-936X - p. 7812-7820. -
Microplastics in aquatic food chain : sources, measurement, occurrence and potential health risks
Wageningen: RIKILT (Report / RIKILT, Institute of Food Safety 2013.003)
2012
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Effects of nanopolystyrene on the feeding behavior of the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis L.)
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (2012), Volume: 31, Issue: 11 - ISSN 0730-7268 - p. 2490-2497. -
An assessment of the current and potential future natural and anthropogenic issues facing migratory shorebirds
Ibis (2012), Volume: 154, Issue: 4 - ISSN 0019-1019 - p. 663-679.