The Economics of Dual Food Quality

This presentation examines the economics of Dual Food Quality (DFQ) in the EU, where seemingly identical branded products have different compositions across Member States. It synthesises findings from various JRC studies on DFQ. Theoretical analysis suggests that DFQ arises from a combination of market imperfections and firms' profit-maximization strategies, balancing global branding with local adaptation to factors such as consumer preferences, production conditions, and national regulations. The impact on consumers’ purchasing choices is difficult to predict, though effects may occur even with small compositional differences if perceptions of deception or unfairness exist. Empirical findings from 2018–2021 show a decrease in DFQ occurrence, with firms pre-emptively modifying packaging rather than reformulating recipes to comply with the EU’s Unfair Commercial Practices Directive. Empirical results indicate no consistent consumer preference for "domestic" versus "Western" versions. Ultimately, estimates indicate that no single driver is dominant for DFQ occurrence. A case-by-case regulatory approach appears warranted rather than a blanket ban.

The seminar series is organized by the Section Economics of Wageningen University (consisting of the groups Agricultural Economics and Rural Policy, Development Economics, Urban Economics, Environmental Economics and Natural Resources, and Economic and Environmental History).

The seminar is aiming to foster the exchange on recent topics in the field of economics. We consider contributions from all fields of economic research and invite speakers from Wageningen, the Netherlands and abroad.

The seminar is organized as a weekly lunch seminar taking place on campus. Meetings are between 12:00 and 13:00 hours. Lunch is served. 

All staff and students are welcome!