Towards a meaningful functioning of food systems: performance, resilience and scaling of underutilized crops in Europe

This thesis examines the functioning of European food systems using underutilized crops (UCs)—genetically diverse, locally adaptable crops that may enhance sustainability and resilience. Because research on UCs, especially their economic aspects, is scarce and fragmented, this thesis investigates their role at farm, value chain, and policy levels. Findings show that UC farms are generally profitable, operating with low input costs, moderate but stable yields, and diversified income through direct sales and short supply chains. Farmers are often motivated by local food autonomy, environmental stewardship, and community well-being, rather than profit maximization. UC value chains rely on collaboration, long-term partnerships, and diversity in crops, products, and markets, contributing to resilience despite challenges such as limited seed access and unsuitable regulations. Scaling UCs requires policy adjustments, increased societal awareness, and support for diversifying farms and enhancing local food businesses, alongside initiatives for education, seed access, and stronger networks to unlock UC potential in sustainable and resilient European food systems.

Marie-Fleur Bremaud,

the candidate of the PhD defence "Towards a meaningful  functioning of food systems: performance, resilience and scaling of underutilized crops in Europe".