Wolves

The wolf is a native species and a natural part of our ecosystem. In the Netherlands and Belgium, wolves mainly prey on wild animals such as roe deer and wild boar, which means they require extensive territories. However, the fragmented Dutch landscape means that people and wolves encounter each other more frequently than in countries with larger, more continuous natural areas. Our research shows that actual risks and perceived risks associated with wolves differ significantly. Scientific evidence indicates that the likelihood of incidents involving humans and wolves is low, while public concern is relatively high, partly because such incidents receive considerable media attention.

At national and provincial level, the economic impact of wolves in the Netherlands remains limited. Research shows, for example, that the number of sheep killed in wolf attacks represents only 3% of the total number of sheep submitted for carcass disposal in 2025. At the same time, individual farmers and hospitality businesses in areas where wolves are present can face substantial losses as a result of attacks or related incidents. Beyond the economic consequences, attacks on livestock often have a significant emotional impact on the farmers involved.

What does WUR do?

WUR researchers monitor wolves using modern techniques such as DNA analysis, GPS tracking and modelling. We study where wolves establish themselves, how packs develop, and the role wolves play in the ecosystem. We also investigate the economic consequences for the agricultural and tourism sectors.

This knowledge helps us better understand how wolves and people influence one another in a densely populated country such as the Netherlands, and what this means for nature management, agriculture and recreation. It also informs the wider public debate on whether measures are needed, and if so, which ones. In this way, WUR helps build a robust scientific foundation for policy and practice, with careful consideration for both nature and society.

In this dossier, you will find our knowledge, insights and current research on wolves – from ecology and genetics to management and societal impact.