Multifunctional use of land and sea
We have too little space to accommodate all functions side by side. We therefore need to look smartly at where nature and agriculture—as well as energy generation and fisheries—can be combined. When different functions are integrated thoughtfully, multifunctional landscapes and seascapes arise that both strengthen biodiversity and support human needs.
On land, measures at field level are far more effective when embedded in a landscape approach. Think of hedgerows, shelterbelts and watercourses being connected so that species can move and ecosystems remain linked. Extensive farming or nature-inclusive management around vulnerable areas acts as a buffer: pressure on protected nature decreases, while plants and animals gain extra habitat. For local communities, this means agricultural production can go hand in hand with nature experience and landscape quality.
Given the ambitious plans for wind farms, the need for multifunctional use is also growing at sea. Wind farms are indispensable for the energy transition but occupy space also needed for nature, fisheries and shipping. By combining functions—such as nature development within wind farms, or fisheries and seaweed or shellfish cultivation between turbines—the available space can be used more efficiently and with lower ecological impact. This requires integrated policy and close cross-sector collaboration to safeguard the balance between nature and human use.
Multifunctional landscapes and seas show that nature conservation and human development can go hand in hand. By sharing space smartly and strengthening connections, we create a future in which agriculture, energy, fisheries and biodiversity do not exclude but reinforce each other.
Theme Biodiversity and resilient ecosystems
The interaction between plants, animals and ecosystems keeps our environment healthy, nutritious and resilient. How do we preserve that balance?