Offshore wind farms: balancing energy, food production and nature
About this expertise
In short- Energy transition & North Sea
- Ecological risks
- Opportunities for nature & biodiversity
- Opportunities for aquaculture & fishing industry
- Research methods
WUR studies the impact of offshore wind farms and develops knowledge for a North Sea in which the combination of energy and food supply from the sea is optimally in balance with nature. We provide government and industry with scientifically-based advice to contribute to a healthy and future-proof North Sea.
In the North Sea, shipping, fishery, sand mining, nature and energy supply compete for space. Wind farms now cover large areas of the sea. They have an impact on sea birds, fish and marine mammals. Windmills cause habitat loss, changes in migration routes and noise nuisance during construction. Electromagnetic fields around cables and artificial reefs also affect species behaviour.
Besides classic fieldwork and long-term monitoring, our work includes modelling studies and research with drones, eDNA and AI to identify risks and possible solutions.
Wind farms also offer opportunities for nature recovery. Turbine foundations and cable protection form artificial reefs where oysters, lobsters and fish can settle. We investigate how nature-inclusive design of wind farms can contribute to the recovery of species and habitats.
Although the fishing industry is losing fishing areas due to wind farms, they may also offer new opportunities. Wind farms can provide space for aquaculture, such as seaweed farming or shellfish farming. Together with fishermen and other stakeholders, we test how this works together with energy generation.
More information
Our strength lies in the combination of classic ecological monitoring and innovative techniques. We use ship and aircraft surveys, acoustic measurements, telemetry, drones, eDNA and AI to accurately measure impacts. Using models and scenario analyses, we calculate the cumulative effects of several wind farms together.
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Are you active in offshore energy, fisheries, aquaculture or nature conservation? Contact our expert for collaboration, advice or more information.
ir. J (Josien) Steenbergen
Coordinator Offshore Energy