Dossier
Exotic species in the Netherlands
Exotic species, also known as alien or introduced species, are animals, plants, fungi or micro-organisms imported through human activity into an area where they do not originally occur, but where they proceed to thrive. Species which were introduced to the Netherlands before the year 1500, such as the rabbit, the pheasant and the mute swan, do not count and are considered indigenous.
Exotic species are sometimes introduced deliberately. An example is the multicoloured Asian ladybird, released in Europe 20 years ago to combat aphids. Pheasants and fallow deer were once released as hunting game. And every year hundreds of turtles and pond perch are released into Dutch watercourses when their owners have had enough of them.
But a lot of species get introduced by accident. Sometimes pets or ornamental animals escape from captivity, as did the Egyptian goose, the Pallas’s squirrel and the Italian crested newt. Marine creatures such as the Chinese mitten crab are brought in with ballast water from ships; the tiger mosquito hitches a ride on tropical plants. And since a canal was dug between the Rhine and Danube 20 years ago, fish species from the Danube watershed, such as the round goby and the money goby, have been able to reach our waters.
There is another category of newcomers that we do not count as exotic: species such as the great egret, whose habitat is shifting as a result of climate change. They are counted in the same category as the lynx, wildcat, wolf and perhaps the golden jackal: animals that settle here of their own accord.
Species monitoring through eDNA
With the help of environmental DNA (eDNA), researchers can demonstrate the presence of animal species, for example based on water samples.
Publications
-
Consumer acceptance of mycelium as protein source
Food Quality and Preference (2025), Volume: 122 - ISSN 0950-3293 -
Dietary starch, non-starch polysaccharides and their interactions affect nutrient digestibility, faecal waste production and characteristics differentially in three salmonids : Rainbow trout, Atlantic salmon and Arctic charr
Aquaculture (2025), Volume: 595 - ISSN 0044-8486 -
Effects of settleable versus unsettled biofloc removal strategy on aquaculture system performance and microbial community
Aquaculture (2025), Volume: 595, Issue: 1 - ISSN 0044-8486 -
Can earthworms and root traits improve plant struvite-P uptake? A field mesocosm study
Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment (2025), Volume: 377 - ISSN 0167-8809 -
Plate size or plating? Effects of visual food presentation on liking, appetite, and food-evoked emotions in online and real-life contexts
Food Quality and Preference (2025), Volume: 122 - ISSN 0950-3293 -
Unravelling the dominant role of phosphorylation degree in governing the functionality of reassembled casein micelles : Implications for future dairy production through precision fermentation
Food Hydrocolloids (2025), Volume: 159 - ISSN 0268-005X -
Visible and near-infrared spectral imaging combined with robust regression for predicting firmness, fatness, and compositional properties of fresh pork bellies
Meat Science (2025), Volume: 219 - ISSN 0309-1740 -
Durability assessment of lignin-based asphalt for sustainable road construction
-
Carbon and greenhouse gas budgets of Europe: trends, interannual and spatial variability, and their drivers
-
Mapping the development of agroecology in Europe - Volume 2